URINARY CASTS-REVIEW

Normal RBCS excretion == 2 millions RBCs/day

Hematuria == 2--5 RBCs Per HPF.

GRANULAR CAST === Significant renal disease (ARF)

Hyaline cast === most frequently (M.C.)==normal/mild renal disease.

Epithelial cast ==== disease affecting tubules/ ATN.

Broadcast / Waxy cast === chronic renal disease/CRF, Malignant HTN, Diabetic nephropathy.

RBCs/Dysmorfic(>5%) RBCs cast == Glomerular injury (kidney) / PSGN.

WBCS cast == Pyelonephritis

Lipid cast == Nephrotic synd.

NOTE--->
For UTI infec.-------->
Diagnosis in uncentrifused urine---- in females---> pus cells > 10 per HPF--->UTI
& 3-10------->doughtfull
<3------>insignificant
and in males ------->pus cells > 3 per HPF----->UTI

Diagnosis in centrifused urine -----in males and females---->pus cells >5 per HPF---->UTI.