ACID –BASE FUNDA’S

-----Acidosis-----------------(
(Lt.side) CO2 + H2O--------( H2CO3--------( H+ + HCO3- (Rt.side)
(----Alkalosis------------------

EXPECT FOR THE COMPENSATION, THE
BASIC RULE = ACIDOSIS= DECREASED PH / INCREASE [H+] / LOSS OF HCO3-
= ALKALOSIS= INCREASED PH / DECREASED [H+] / Decreased PCO2

Lung Compensate for==

1. For Metabolic Acidosis by Decreasing PCO2 (by Hyperventilation)

(2) For Metabolic Alkalosis by Increasing PCO2 (by Hypoventilation)

Kidney Compensate for==
(1) For Respiratory Acidosis by Increasing HCO3- Reabsorption.
(2) For Respiratory Alkalosis by Decreasing HCO3- Reabsorption.

Always look for [HCO3-] / [PCO2]==

(1) Uncompensated / simple conditions==( any one of these can be the fes. But only one of these…)
= Normal/ Increase
= Normal/ Decrease
= Increase/ Normal
= Decrease/ Normal

1. Compensated conditions==

= Increase/ Increase
= Decrease/ Decrease

1. Mixed i.e. (Both Respiratory and metabolic Acidosis or Alkalosis)==

i.e. Metabolic Acidosis and Respiratory Acidosis=[HCO3-]/ PCO2== Decrease/ Increase
Metabolic Alkalosis and Respiratory Alkalosis=[HCO3-]/ PCO2== Increase/ Decrease
Things to look for (in order)=

1. PH (N=7.38-7.44)


2. PCO2 (N=35—45)


3. [HCO3-] (N=21—30)


4. [HCO3-]/ PCO2

Respiratory Acidosis=simple/uncompensated

1. PH (N=7.38-7.44) == Decrease


2. PCO2 (N=35—45)== Increase


3. [HCO3-] (N=21—30)== Normal


4. [HCO3-]/ PCO2== Normal/ Increase

Respiratory Acidosis= compensated

1. PH (N=7.38-7.44)== Normal


2. PCO2 (N=35—45)== Increase


3. [HCO3-] (N=21—30)== Increase


4. [HCO3-]/ PCO2== Increase/ Increase

Respiratory Alkalosis=simple/uncompensated

1. PH (N=7.38-7.44)== Increase


2. PCO2 (N=35—45)== Decrease


3. [HCO3-] (N=21—30)== Normal


4. [HCO3-]/ PCO2== Normal/ Decrease

Respiratory Alkalosis= compensated

1. PH (N=7.38-7.44)== Normal


2. PCO2 (N=35—45)== Decrease


3. [HCO3-] (N=21—30)== Decrease


4. [HCO3-]/ PCO2== Decrease/ Decrease

Metabolic Acidosis=simple/uncompensated

1. PH (N=7.38-7.44)== Decrease


2. PCO2 (N=35—45)== Normal


3. [HCO3-] (N=21—30)== Decrease


4. [HCO3-]/ PCO2== Decrease/ Normal

Metabolic Acidosis= compensated

1. PH (N=7.38-7.44)== Normal


2. PCO2 (N=35—45)== Decrease


3. [HCO3-] (N=21—30)== Decrease


4. [HCO3-]/ PCO2== Decrease/ Decrease

Metabolic Alkalosis=simple/uncompensated

1. PH (N=7.38-7.44)== Increase


2. PCO2 (N=35—45)== Normal


3. [HCO3-] (N=21—30)== Increase


4. [HCO3-]/ PCO2== Increase/ Normal

Metabolic Alkalosis=Compensated

1. PH (N=7.38-7.44)== Normal


2. PCO2 (N=35—45)== Increase


3. [HCO3-] (N=21—30)== Increase


4. [HCO3-]/ PCO2== Increase/ Increase